Pulmonary Function I (Outline) Lyrics by Human Physiology
Human Physiology
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I. Blood CirculationA. Physical Requirements1. Pumps Left ventricle Right ventricle 2. Vasculature: arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins 3. Blood Volume 4. Unidirectional Flow B. Outline of the Human System1. 4 chambered heart a. Atria b. Ventricles 2. Systemic circuit 3. Pulmonary circuit C. Flow = Pressure / Resistance1. Generala. Flow Definition b. Pressure: direct relationship to flow 1. Applies to arteries(a) Analogy c. Resistance: indirect relationship to flow 1. Applies to arterioles 2. Analogy d. Calculating flow throughout the body Flow through the systemic and pulmonary systems 1. Systemic circulation: pressures 2. Pulmonary circulation: pressures D. Flow: Velocity and Cross-Sectional Area E. Poiseuille’s LawF. Flow and Pressure: Vascular Elasticity vs. Vascular distensibilityII. The HeartA. Functional Gross anatomy1. Layers Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium 2. Valves a. Atrioventricular (mitral) b. Semilunar 3. Papillary muscles and chordae tendinae: 4. Venous returna. Vena cavae: deoxygenated b. Pulmonary veins: oxygenated 5. Arterial outflow a. Aorta b. Pulmonary trunk C. Cardiac Cycle 1. General definitions a. Systole b. Diastole 2. Definitions in terms of the cardiac cyclea. Systole b. Diastole 3. Components of the cardiac cycle, pressure and volume changes a. Diastisis b. Atrial systole and ventricular diastole c. Atrial diastole and ventricular systole Types of Cardiac tissue Type 1: Spreads the signal and contracts Type 2: Starts the signal, spreads the signal but does not contract Type 3: Endocrine: dumps ANP: Atrial natriuretic protein B. Type I tissue: spreads the signal and contracts1. Spreads the signal via gap junctions a. Ephatic synapses b. Signal moves almost simultaneously c. Cells respond as 1 2. Contracts in response to the signala. Myofilaments are arranged into sarcomere b. Signal sets into motion calcium release and cross bridge cycling c. Implications1. Time delay 2. Increase calcium availability, increased cycling, increased strength D. Type I Ventricular Myocardium1. Review absolute refractory period in neuron 2. Absolute refractory period in vent myocardium 3. Significance: avoid tetany Diagram of key events in the cardiac cycleE. The pacemaker system and Electrocardiography1. Electrical conducting system of the heart: autortyhmic cellsa. SA node: sets the pace for the heart b. AV node c. Bundle of HIS d. Lt and rt bundle branches e. Purkinje fibers f. Ventricular muscle 2. EKG tracing: Lead IIa. P wave b. QRS complex c. PR segment d. T wave e. PR interval F. Neurochemical control of heart rate1. Normal rangea. Bradycardia b. Tachycardia 2. Medullary centers: part of ANS which is regulating the rate at which the SA node firesa. Cardioinhibitory center b. Cardioacceleratory center 3. Baroreceptor reflexesa. General: baroreceptors b. Carotid sinus reflex: Decrease pressure, increase heart rate and cardiac output increase pressure, decrease heart rate and cardiac output c. Bainbridge reflex: increase venous return and increased pressure in the vena cavae, heart rate increases d. Effect of the respiratory cycle on heart rate Inspiration: decreased thoracic pressure, decrease venous return, decrease CO, decrease pressure at carotid sinus, reflexively HR increases Early expiration Late expiration
About “Pulmonary Function I (Outline)” by Human Physiology
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